Kebijakan Lingkungan Responsif Gender: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Tentang Tata Kelola Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Abstract

The accelerating global environmental crisis, compounded by gender inequalities, demands policies that address both dimensions simultaneously. Despite growing scholarly attention, systematic evidence synthesizing how gender-responsive environmental policies are designed, implemented, and evaluated remains fragmented. Objective: This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to: (1) map research trends on gender-responsive environmental policy; (2) identify dominant theoretical frameworks; (3) characterize implementation forms across contexts; (4) analyze enabling and constraining factors; and (5) delineate research gaps and future agenda. Method: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across eight databases Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, Emerald, and MDPI covering 2019–2026. Boolean keyword combinations involving "gender mainstreaming," "gender-responsive policy," "environmental governance," "climate policy," and "sustainable development" were applied. After screening 1,247 records, 53 peer-reviewed articles met full inclusion criteria, subjected to content analysis, thematic synthesis, and narrative review. Key Findings: Research in this field has grown substantially since 2020, with concentration in the Global South (Sub-Saharan Africa, South/Southeast Asia, Latin America). Ecofeminism, Feminist Political Ecology, and Gender Mainstreaming theory are most frequently applied. Implementation occurs principally through national climate strategies, natural resource co-management regimes, and renewable energy programs. Critical enabling factors include legislative gender mandates, women's participatory capacity-building, and intersectional policy design. Persistent barriers encompass patriarchal institutional cultures, inadequate gender-disaggregated data, and siloed ministerial competencies. Research gaps include lack of longitudinal impact evaluations, underrepresentation of post-conflict and island-state contexts, and absence of Global South-originated theoretical contributions. Implications: Findings offer an evidence base for policymakers designing gender-responsive environmental legislation and for scholars advancing interdisciplinary Environmental Governance theory. Indonesia and other archipelagic developing nations are identified as priority research sites. Keywords: gender-responsive policy, environmental governance, gender mainstreaming, feminist political ecology, climate policy, sustainable development, systematic literature review.